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Before delving into how power line filters work, let us start from the basics i.e. what a power line filter is? In answer to this, a power line filter also known as an EMI filter protects a device from EMI (Electromagnetic Interference). It is connected into the circuit of the device that helps in suppressing EMI that can enter the circuit through conduction. It inhibits the passage of unwanted currents through the conducting wires while allowing the desired current to flow through the circuit. The working of EMI Filters is to block out unwanted currents detected by the frequency of the current.

Usually, EMI noise is at higher frequency, hence the filter will block the EMI noise and allow only the lower frequency current to pass. This ensures ideal working of the circuit. EMI filters come with shields to protect the circuits from radiated EMI too. EMI filters for a power supply are made from passive components and have LC circuits. The EMI filter also ensures safety standards and minimizes the chances of an electric shock. A mains EMI filter is placed at the power entry point of the device. This helps the device to be protected from EMI that is generated in the device as well as external EMI.

COMPONENTS OF EMI FILTERS AND WHY WE NEED THEM?

Most of the time electromagnetic interference is in a high frequency range, which means that if signals were measured as a sine wave for an instance, their cycles would be very close to each other.

To encounter this scenario, an EMI filter has two types of components and their combined effort helps to suppress these signals: capacitors and inductors. Capacitor slows down the direct current, which results in the development of a large amount of electromagnetic interference in a device. Inductors are small, but important electromagnets that can hold energy in a magnetic field when electric current is passed through it and ultimately reduces the total voltage.

HOW DO EMI FILTERS WORK?

EMI filters exist as a separate or integrated device in electrical and electronic equipment. In simplest terms, within such equipment, they act as a low-pass filter for unwanted (generally for high frequency current). They consist of passive electronic components including inductors and capacitors. When these components are assembled together, they form a complete LC circuit. LC circuit is also known as resonant circuit; tank circuit or tuned circuit is a circuit that consists of an indicator (represented by letter L), and a capacitor (represented by letter C), connected together. Those capacitors are known as shunting capacitors which are used in EMI filters to redirect current in a specific range, high frequency, away from a circuit or component. Inductors arranged in series are fed by shunting capacitors with high frequency current/ interference. The overall voltage reduces with current passing through each inductor. Eventually, interference will be reduced to a negligible amount by grounding (grounding to earth) the interference by the inductors.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INDUCTORS AND CHOKES

Metal coils used in circuits are called inductors. Inductors carrying current can generate magnetic fields. They can induce magnetic fields in wires that are close to them. Inductors which are used to help in filtering signals are known as chokes.

FEATURES

All types of inductors (both small and large) are used as chokes. The rating of a choke is determined by the highest value of the current they can handle and their maximum resistance to current flow. Some of the chokes have iron cores.

SIGNIFICANCE

A choke filter helps to reduce AC voltage to a negligible value so that a load component, for example a resistor will receive DC voltage. All these unwanted AC signal functionalities are known as ripples. Chokes are widely used to filter out radio frequencies.

CONSIDERATIONS

The cut-off frequency or threshold is determined by the size of the choke. A lower cut off frequency is achieved by a large choke whereas a higher cut off frequency is achieved by small chokes. Large chokes are better in filtering undesirable 120 hertz and higher slot milling cutters signals from wall outlets.

APPLICATIONS OF EMI FILTER

EMI filters are widely used across multiple sectors in a number of applications. They can be easily found in laboratory equipment, computers, medical and aerospace systems, defense equipment, factory automation equipment, automotive battery charges, MRI rooms, test chambers, etc.

Some common applications of EMI filters are:

Commercial filters

Aerospace and defense filters

Medical device filters

COMMERCIAL FILTERS

Use of commercial filters differ in different countries due to their individual regulations. Some commercial filters contain hazardous materials in electronic items that have been restricted by a few countries. They have also instructed the manufacturers to adhere to ROHS or similar standards. CCGT Insert Experienced filter designers come in very handy in similar situations as they have multiple alternate solutions for this such as the usage of cadmium free terminators and usage of conductive polyimide in place of solder.

AEROSPACE AND DEFENCE FILTERS

Companies manufacturing products for aerospace and defense require compliance that follows strict rules and regulations that cover all aspects of device performance, manufacturing and testing. Information that passes through these filters are extremely confidential and of high importance in terms of security and threats. For e.g., the US wants their companies to comply with export compliance regulations like Export Administration Regulation (EAR) and International Traffic in Arms Regulation (ITAR).

MEDICAL DEVICE FILTERS

With the advancement of technology in the medical field, devices are becoming more compact, complex and less intrusive for patients. An unfiltered medical device is always high in terms of leakage current. Hence medical device filters help to prevent the leakage of current from medical equipment up to a great extent.

CONCLUSION

Is it expected that this blog will help you to understand how the tempest power line filter works? What are the components of the tempest power line filter? And what are its features and its applications in different fields. Power line filters have many features, it's up to you how you want to utilize power line filters. If this blog has created an interest in you, you can try to search and find out more about its application. We are sure you will find them interesting as well.

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